ACADEMIC RESEARCH | HowardWall

Macro and Regional Economics Research

The Great, Greater, and Greatest Recessions of US States, MPRA Paper 112005, January 2022.
Sex and the Business Cycle, MPRA Paper 111857, September 2021.
The Missouri-Wide Effects of City Earnings Taxes, Missouri Policy Journal, 9, Spring/Summer 2020, 59-63.
Forecasting National Recessions Using State-Level Data, with Michael T. Owyang and Jeremy M. Piger, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 47(5), August 2015, 847-866.
Robbing Peter to Pay Paul: The Employment Effects of the Missouri Quality Jobs Program, MPRA Paper No. 50605, September 2013.
Where is an Oil Shock? with Kristie M. Engemann and Michael T. Owyang, Journal of Regional Science, 54(2), March 2014, 169-185.
Discordant City Employment Cycles, with Michael T. Owyang and Jeremy Piger, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 43(2), March 2013, 367–384.
The Employment Cycles of Neighboring Cities, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 43(1), January 2013, 177-185.
Regional VARs and the Channels of Monetary Policy, with Michael T. Owyang, Applied Economics Letters, 16(12), August 2009, 1191-94.
States and the Business Cycle, with David Rapach and Michael Owyang, Journal of Urban Economics, 65(2), March 2009, 181-194.
The Economic Performance of Cities: A Markov-Switching Approach, with Michael T. Owyang, Jeremy Piger, and Christopher Wheeler, Journal of Urban Economics, 64(3), November 2008, 538-550.
A State-Level Analysis of the Great Moderation, with Michael T. Owyang and Jeremy Piger, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 38(6), November 2008, 578-579.
Regional Business Cycle Phases in Japan, FRB St. Louis Review, 89(1), January/February 2007, 61-76.
Controlling for Geographic Dispersion When Estimating the Japanese Phillips Curve, with Hiroshi Fujiki, FRB St. Louis WP No. 2006-057A, October 2006.
Business Cycle Phases in U.S. States, with Michael T. Owyang and Jeremy Piger, Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(4), November 2005, 604-616.
Structural Breaks and Regional Disparities in the Transmission of Monetary Policy, with Michael T. Owyang, FRB St. Louis WP No. 2003-008C, February 2005.
The 2001 Recession and the States of the Eighth Federal Reserve District, with Michael T. Owyang and Jeremy M. Piger, FRB St. Louis Regional Economic Development, 2005, 1(1), 3-16.
U.S. Regional Business Cycles and the Natural Rate of Unemployment, with Gylfi Zoega, FRB St. Louis Review, 86(1), January/February 2004, 23-31.
NAFTA and the Changing Pattern of State Exports, with Cletus C. Coughlin, Papers in Regional Science, 82(4), 2003, 427-450.
NAFTA and the Geography of North American Trade, FRB St. Louis Review, 85(2), March/April 2003, 13-26.
The British Beveridge Curve: A Tale of Ten Regions, with Gylfi Zoega, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64, July 2002, 257-276.
Voting with Your Feet in the United Kingdom: Using Cross-Migration Rates to Estimate Relative Living Standards, Papers in Regional Science, 80(1), 2001, 1-23.
What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial? Evidence from Britain, with Yannis Georgellis, Annals of Regional Science, 34:3, 2000, 385-403.
The Revealed Cost of Unemployment, with Stratford Douglas, FRB St. Louis Review, 82(2), March/April 2000, 1-10.
Measuring Relative Quality of Life from a Cross-Migration Regression, With an Application to Canadian Provinces, with Stratford Douglas, Research in Labor Economics, 19, 2000, 191-214.
Voting with Your Feet‘ and the Quality of Life Index: A Simple Non-Parametric Approach Applied to Canada, with Stratford Douglas, Economics Letters, 42(2-3), 1993, 229-236.

International Economics Research

Biofuel Subsidies and International Trade, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay and Sumon Bhaumik, Economics and Politics, 25(2), July 2013, 181-199.
Cross-Border Lobbying in Preferential Trading Agreements: Implications for External Tariffs, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay and Sajal Lahiri, Review of International Economics, 20(5), November 2012, 1034-1045..
Ethnic Networks and Trade: Intensive vs. Extensive Margins, with Cletus C. Coughlin, Economics Letters, 113, October 2011, 73-75.
Oligopoly and Outsourcing: A General Equilibrium Approach, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Review of Development Economics, 14(3), August 2010, 433-446.
Is There Too Little Immigration?: An Analysis of Temporary Skilled Migrants, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 17(2), 2008, 197-211.
Ethnic Networks and U.S. Exports, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay and Cletus Coughlin, Review of International Economics, 16(1), 2008, 199-213.
Policy Evaluation in the Presence of Outsourcing: Global Competitiveness versus Political Feasibility, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Economics and Politics, 19(2), July 2007, 219-234.
The Determinants of Aid in the Post-Cold War Era, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, In S. Lahiri (Ed.), Theory and Practice of Foreign Aid, Elsevier, May 2007.
Controlling for Heterogeneity in Gravity Models of Trade and Integration, with I-Hui Cheng, FRB St. Louis Review, 87(1), January/February 2005, 49-63.
Endogenous Export Subsidies and Welfare Under Domestic Cost Heterogeneity, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay and Eun-Soo Park, Economics and Politics, 16, 2004, 347-366.
NAFTA and the Changing Pattern of State Exports, with Cletus C. Coughlin, Papers in Regional Science, 82(4), 2003, 427-450.
NAFTA and the Geography of North American Trade, FRB St. Louis Review, 85(2), March/April 2003, 13-26.
Has Japan Been Left Out In the Cold by Regional Integration? Bank of Japan, Monetary and Economic Studies, 20, April 2002, 117-134. Reprinted in FRB St. Louis Review, 84(5), September/October 2002, 25-36.
Reconsidering the Trade-Creating Effects of a Currency Union, with Michael R. Pakko, FRB St. Louis Review, 83(5), September/October, 2001, 37-46.
Gravity-Model Specification and the Effect of the Canada-US Border, FRB St. Louis WP No. 2000-024A.
Customs Union or Free Trade Area? The Role of Political Asymmetries, with Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Review of International Economics, 7(4), November 1999, 665-672.
Using the Gravity Model to Estimate the Costs of Protection, FRB St. Louis Review, 81(1), January/February 1999, 33-40.
Human Development and Income Growth in Developing Countries, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10, Spring 1996, 207-210.
Pro-Competitive Tariffs, with Ivette Jans, Birkbeck College Discussion Paper 96-07.
Is a Military Really a Luxury Good? An International Panel Study of LDCs, Applied Economics, 28, January 1996, 41-44.
The Allocation of Official Development Assistance, Journal of Policy Modeling, 17, June 1995, 307-314.
Protectionist Reputations and the Threat of Voluntary Export Restraint, with Ivette Jans and Govind Hariharan, Review of International Economics, 3(2), June 1995, 199-208.
Estimating Aid-Allocation Criteria with Panel Data, with William N. Trumbull, The Economic Journal, 104, July 1994, 876-882.
An Evaluation of the United Nations‘ Human Development Index, with Arnab Acharya, Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 20, April 1994, 51-65.
The Non-Equivalence of Specific and Ad Valorem Tariffs with Quality-Differentiated Goods, Journal of Economic Integration, 9, March 1994, 80-93.
Protection and the Product Line: A Comment, International Economic Review, 33, November 1992, 973-976.
Intertemporal Optimization under Threat of VER, with Govind Hariharan, Journal of Economic Integration, 7, Spring 1992, 45-57.
Strategic Export Policy for a Duopoly with Endogenous Quality, West Virginia University WP No. 91-02.
Consistent Conjectures and 'Voluntary‘ Export Restraints, with Xiangqun Chen, West Virginia University WP No. 91-22.
Efficient Quality Specialization and Tariffs in General Equilibrium, International Economic Journal, 4, Winter 1990, 21-34.

Entrepreneurship and Other Research

Personal-Bankruptcy Cycles, with Thomas A. Garrett, Macroeconomic Dynamics, 18(7), October 2014, 1488-1507.
Don't Get Skewed Over by Journal Rankings, B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Vol. 9: Iss. 1 (Topics), 2009, Article 34.
A Journal Ranking for the Ambitious Economist, with Kristie M. Engemann, FRB St. Louis Review, 91(3), May/June 2009, 127-139.
Creating a Policy Environment for Entrepreneurs, with Thomas Garrett, Cato Journal, 26(3), Fall 2006, 525-552.
Entrepreneurship and the Policy Environment, with Yannis Georgellis, FRB St. Louis Review, 88(2), March/April 2006, 95-111.
Passive Policies for Entrepreneurs, with Thomas A. Garrett, FRB St. Louis Community Affairs Research Report, October 2005.
Gender Differences in Self-Employment, with Yannis Georgellis, International Review of Applied Economics, 19:3, July 2005, 321-342.
Entrepreneurship and the Deregulation of Banking, Economics Letters, 82:3, 2004, 333-339.
Who Are the Self-Employed? with Yannis Georgellis, FRB St. Louis Review, 82(6), November/December 2000, 15-23.
What Makes a Region Entrepreneurial? Evidence from Britain, with Yannis Georgellis, Annals of Regional Science, 34:3, 2000, 385-403.
Cricket vs. Baseball as an Engine of Growth, Royal Economic Society Newsletter, 90, July 1995, 2-3.
The Fertility Effect of Dependent Tax Exemptions: Estimates for the United States, with Yannis Georgellis, Applied Economics, 24, October 1992, 1139-1145.